Annals of Occupational Hygiene Advance Access originally published online on July 27, 2004
Annals of Occupational Hygiene 2004 48(7):643-652; doi:10.1093/annhyg/meh045
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
© British Occupational Hygiene Society Published by Oxford University Press;
Characteristics of Peaks of Inhalation Exposure to Organic Solvents
1 Department of Food and Chemical Risk Analysis, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO Chemistry), Zeist, The Netherlands; 2 Division of Environmental and Occupational Health, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; 3 Department of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +31 30 694 40 94; fax: +31 30 694 49 26; e-mail: preller{at}chemie.tno.nl
Received 4 July 2003; in final form 22 January 2004
Objectives: To determine which exposure metrics are sufficient to characterize ‘peak’ inhalation exposure to organic solvents (OS) during spraying operations.
Methods: Personal exposure measurements (n = 27; duration 5–159 min) were collected during application of paints, primers, resins and glues in 15 companies. A MiniRAE Photo-Ionization Detector measured OS concentrations every second. These readings were adjusted for OS composition, which was determined by charcoal tubes. A peak was defined as a period during which exposure exceeded the time-weighted average (TWA) exposure. Five second and 1 and 15 min moving average times were considered in defining a peak. The number of peaks per hour, the duration of a peak, the maximum concentration within a peak, the average concentration within a peak, the ratio between maximum and average concentration within a peak and the average time between two peaks were recorded for each sample. Data were analyzed using factor analysis on 13 variables for the 27 samples: TWA concentration of the task and the six peak characteristics based on the 5 s and 1 min moving averaging time.
Results: There were three statistically independent sources of correlation among metrics of peak exposure, explaining 87% of the multiple correlation. The first factor reflected the intensity of peak exposure; it was also associated with the TWA. The second and third factors were related to measures of variability (in frequency and intensity) and duration of peaks, respectively.
Conclusions: We present a method for describing peak profiles for inhalation exposure in terms of various distinguishable and independent parameters. Pending development of toxicologically justified peak exposure metrics, such investigations can be of value in identifying exposure metrics for which non-confounded risk estimates can be obtained in epidemiological studies.
Keywords: exposure assessment • factor analysis • hydrocarbon solvents • occupational hygiene • peaks • spraying volatile organic compounds
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  T. Meijster, E. Tielemans, J. Schinkel, and D. Heederik Evaluation of Peak Exposures in the Dutch Flour Processing Industry: Implications for Intervention Strategies Ann. Hyg., October 1, 2008; 52(7): 587 - 596. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. G. M. Van Rooij, A. Kasper, G. Triebig, P. Werner, F. J. Jongeneelen, and H. Kromhout Trends in Occupational Exposure to Styrene in the European Glass Fibre-Reinforced Plastics Industry Ann. Hyg., July 1, 2008; 52(5): 337 - 349. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Langlois GABIE and Perkin Elmer Passive Sampler Performance under Fluctuating Concentration Conditions Ann. Hyg., June 1, 2008; 52(4): 239 - 247. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. Kriebel, H. Checkoway, and N. Pearce Exposure and dose modelling in occupational epidemiology Occup. Environ. Med., July 1, 2007; 64(7): 492 - 498. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. FEVOTTE, B. CHARBOTEL, P. MULLER-BEAUTE, J.-L. MARTIN, M. HOURS, and A. BERGERET Case-Control Study on Renal Cell Cancer and Occupational Exposure to Trichloroethylene. Part I: Exposure Assessment Ann. Hyg., November 1, 2006; 50(8): 765 - 775. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. WALTON Measurement of Methylene Chloride Ann. Hyg., April 1, 2005; 49(3): 277 - 277. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. ROSEN, I-M. ANDERSSON, P. T. WALSH, R. D. R. CLARK, A. SAAMANEN, K. HEINONEN, H. RIIPINEN, and R. PAAKKONEN A Review of Video Exposure Monitoring as an Occupational Hygiene Tool Ann. Hyg., April 1, 2005; 49(3): 201 - 217. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. BURSTYN Principal Component Analysis is a Powerful Instrument in Occupational Hygiene Inquiries Ann. Hyg., November 1, 2004; 48(8): 655 - 661. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|