Annals of Occupational Hygiene Advance Access originally published online on July 27, 2004
Annals of Occupational Hygiene 2004 48(6):533-539; doi:10.1093/annhyg/meh047
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© 2004 British Occupational Hygiene Society Published by Oxford University Press;
A Method for Assessing Occupational Dermal Exposure to Permanent Hair Dyes
1 Occupational Dermatology, National Institute for Working Life, SE-113 91 Stockholm, Sweden; 2 Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden; 3 Swedish Work Environment Authority, Ekelundsvägen 16, SE-171 84 Solna, Sweden
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +46 8 619 6995; fax: +46 8 619 6896; e-mail: marie-louise.lind{at}niwl.se
Received 20 January 2004; in final form 15 March 2004
Hairdressers have an increased risk of developing occupational skin diseases due to exposure to skin irritants and sensitizers. In the present work a method of assessing dermal exposure to permanent hair dyes was developed. The sampling performance characteristics of hand wash sampling with bag rinsing were studied for five hair dye compounds. The effect of residence time, sample load and different matrices were studied. Thirty volunteers were exposed to a reference solution of these compounds and to commercial hair dye products. The sampling efficiency after 5 min residence time was between 70 and 90% for the dye components in the hair dye products. Sampling efficiency decreases with increasing residence time, making the time of sampling an important factor. Hand wash sampling should be performed as soon as possible after the work task of interest. We conclude that the sampling efficiency is adequate for measurements of dermal exposure to permanent hair dyes. Hand wash sampling with bag rinsing is a useful tool for field studies of dermal exposure assessment in hairdressers.
Keywords: aromatic amines • hairdressers • hand wash • sampling efficiency • skin
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