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Annals of Occupational Hygiene Advance Access originally published online on August 6, 2004
Annals of Occupational Hygiene 2004 48(6):519-532; doi:10.1093/annhyg/meh049
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© 2004 British Occupational Hygiene Society Published by Oxford University Press;

Development and Evaluation of a Quantitative Video-fluorescence Imaging System and Fluorescent Tracer for Measuring Transfer of Pesticide Residues from Surfaces to Hands with Repeated Contacts

WILLIAM A. IVANCIC1, MARCIA G. NISHIOKA1,*, RUSSELL H. BARNES, JR1, ELAINE COHEN HUBAL2, MICHELE MORARA1 and STEVEN M. BORTNICK1

1 Battelle Memorial Institute, 505 King Avenue, Columbus, OH 43201, USA; 2 US Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory E205-04, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA

* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Fax: +1 614 424 3638; e-mail: nishiomg{at}battelle.org

Received 21 June 2002; in final form 30 December 2003

A video imaging system and the associated quantification methods have been developed for measurement of the transfer of a fluorescent tracer from surfaces to hands. The highly fluorescent compound riboflavin (vitamin B2), which is also water soluble and non-toxic, was chosen as the tracer compound to simulate the transfer from surfaces to hands of pesticide residues deposited on carpeted and laminate surfaces of a residence. The system was designed around the unique properties of riboflavin. Excitation energy was centered near 440 nm (in the blue region of the visible spectrum); emitted energy was measured at 600 nm (in the red/orange region), well beyond the significant fluorescence peak maximum of natural skin. A video camera system with an image intensifier was interfaced to an image processing analysis software system. Quantification utilized chemometric techniques to account for the non-linearity of pixel detectivity and non-linear excitation strength. Method quantification and detection limits were approximately 0.1 and 0.02 µg/cm2, respectively. The relative error was ~100% at the quantification limit, but <20% at higher levels. Transfer of riboflavin to hands, resulting in dermal loadings in the range 0.1–2.0 µg/cm2, were measured with this system from surfaces whose loadings approximated the pesticide levels that occur in homes after broadcast application.

Keywords: dermal exposure • pesticide exposure assessment • video-fluorescence imaging


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