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Ann. occup. Hyg., Vol. 44, No. 6, pp. 467-473, 2000
© 2000 British Occupational Hygiene Society
Published by Oxford University Press

Exposure to Microbes, Endotoxins and Total Dust in Cigarette and Cigar Manufacturing: an Evaluation of Health Hazards

Marjut Reiman{dagger} and Jukka Uitti{ddagger},*

{dagger} Kuopio Regional Institute of Occupational Health Kuopio, Finland
{ddagger} Tampere Regional Institute of Occupational Health, Clinic of Occupational Medicine, Tampere University Hospital PO Box 486, FIN-33101 Tampere, Finland

* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel.: +358-31-260-8655; Fax: +358-3-260-8699; E-mail: jukka.uitti{at}occuphealth.fi

The concentrations of airborne microbes, endotoxins and total dust were measured in one cigar and two cigarette factories in order to evaluate the risk of respiratory symptoms. The role of humidifiers as a source of microbes was investigated. Air samples for the analyses were collected near workers' breathing zones during different phases of production. Gram-negative bacteria, mesophilic fungi, thermotolerant fungi and thermophilic actinomycetes, but not Aspergillus glaucus fungi, were found in higher concentrations in the cigar factory than in the cigarette factories. High microbe concentrations (104–105 cfu m–3) occurred throughout the production line in the cigar factory. The highest dust and endotoxin concentrations were found in the wick-making department in the cigar factory (3.3 mg dust per m3 and 38 ng endotoxin per m3) and during the weighing or handling of raw tobacco in the cigarette factories (4.5 mg dust per m3 and 106 ng endotoxin per m3). The spray humidifiers in the cigar factory were a more important source of microbes than was raw tobacco. In the cigarette factories, steam humidifiers were used; the humidified air was free of microbes. The microbe concentrations in the tobacco factories were lower than in environments known to have caused allergic alveolitis. © 2000 British Occupational Hygiene Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

tobacco dust • endotoxins • microorganisms • respiratory health risks

Received September 14, 1999; in final form February 10, 2000


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