Ann. occup. Hyg., Vol. 44, No. 5, pp. 343-354, 2000
© 2000 British Occupational Hygiene Society
Published by Oxford University Press
Trends in exposure to inhalable particulate and dermal contamination in the rubber manufacturing industry: effectiveness of control measures implemented over a nine-year period
Environmental and Occupational Health Group, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands Safety Science Group, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
Tel.: +31-317-484147; fax: +31-317-485278
Received 8 November, 1999; Revised 21 March, 2000.
Exposure to inhalable particulates and dermal exposure to cyclohexane soluble matter (CSM) were evaluated in seven rubber manufacturing companies in 1988 and 1997. The identified exposure trends were used to study the effectiveness of control measures implemented over a nine-year period. Sampling and analytical methodologies were identical in both surveys. Inhalable particulate exposure was measured with a PAS6 sampling head. Dermal exposure was assessed by means of a dermal pad sampler worn at the lower wrist of the hand of preference. Changes in working organization and control measures taken after 1988 were identified based on discussions with management representatives and two walk-through surveys performed in 1994 and 1997. Exposure data were aggregated for comparison between years both at company and production function level. The mixed effect statistical procedure was used to evaluate the influence of control measures and seniority on current exposure levels. Comparison of the exposure levels between 1988 and 1997 revealed a reduction rate of 5.7 and 6.7% per year for inhalable particulate and dermal exposure, respectively. Companies and production functions with the highest exposure levels in 1988 and workers with seniority (more experience) showed a steeper decline in exposure levels. Fifty-seven control measures, mostly designed to control the levels of inhalable exposure were identified. Elimination of sources significantly reduced the inhalable particulate and dermal exposure by two-thirds of the level of 1988. Reduction of emission did not show a significant overall decrease in exposure concentrations. Control measures designed to control the levels of contaminants showed a significant reduction for both inhalable and dermal exposure, respectively 34 and 49% of the exposure level of 1988. These results indicate that efforts taken to improve work conditions in the rubber manufacturing industry in The Netherlands over this decade have been successful in reducing both inhalable particulate and dermal contamination.
rubber industry; particulate exposure; dermal exposure; control measures; long-term trends; seniority
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  T Meijster, E Tielemans, and D Heederik Effect of an intervention aimed at reducing the risk of allergic respiratory disease in bakers: change in flour dust and fungal alpha-amylase levels Occup. Environ. Med., August 1, 2009; 66(8): 543 - 549. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C.-C. Chen, C.-L. Chuang, K.-Y. Wu, and C.-C. Chan Sampling Strategies for Occupational Exposure Assessment under Generalized Linear Model Ann. Hyg., July 1, 2009; 53(5): 509 - 521. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. Fransman, J. Schinkel, T. Meijster, J. Van Hemmen, E. Tielemans, and H. Goede Development and Evaluation of an Exposure Control Efficacy Library (ECEL) Ann. Hyg., October 1, 2008; 52(7): 567 - 575. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Tielemans, T. Schneider, H. Goede, M. Tischer, N. Warren, H. Kromhout, M. Van Tongeren, J. Van Hemmen, and J. W Cherrie Conceptual Model for Assessment of Inhalation Exposure: Defining Modifying Factors Ann. Hyg., October 1, 2008; 52(7): 577 - 586. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Peters, G. Talaska, B. A.G. Jonsson, H. Kromhout, and R. Vermeulen Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Exposure, Urinary Mutagenicity, and DNA Adducts in Rubber Manufacturing Workers Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., June 1, 2008; 17(6): 1452 - 1459. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F de Vocht, R Vermeulen, I Burstyn, W Sobala, A Dost, D Taeger, U Bergendorf, K Straif, P Swuste, H Kromhout, et al. Exposure to inhalable dust and its cyclohexane soluble fraction since the 1970s in the rubber manufacturing industry in the European Union Occup. Environ. Med., June 1, 2008; 65(6): 384 - 391. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. S. Creely, H. Cowie, M. Van Tongeren, H. Kromhout, J. Tickner, and J. W. Cherrie Trends in Inhalation Exposure A Review of the Data in the Published Scientific Literature Ann. Hyg., November 1, 2007; 51(8): 665 - 678. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. MEIJSTER, E. TIELEMANS, N. D. PATER, and D. Heederik Modelling Exposure in Flour Processing Sectors in The Netherlands: a Baseline Measurement in the Context of an Intervention Program Ann. Hyg., April 1, 2007; 51(3): 293 - 304. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T Meijster, W Fransman, J van Hemmen, H Kromhout, D Heederik, and E Tielemans A probabilistic assessment of the impact of interventions on oncology nurses' exposure to antineoplastic agents Occup. Environ. Med., August 1, 2006; 63(8): 530 - 537. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S J Hepworth, A Bolton, R C Parslow, M van Tongeren, K R Muir, and P A McKinney Assigning exposure to pesticides and solvents from self-reports collected by a computer assisted personal interview and expert assessment of job codes: the UK Adult Brain Tumour Study. Occup. Environ. Med., April 1, 2006; 63(4): 267 - 272. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. STEINSVAG, M. BRATVEIT, and B. E. MOEN Exposure to Oil Mist and Oil Vapour During Offshore Drilling in Norway, 1979-2004 Ann. Hyg., March 1, 2006; 50(2): 109 - 122. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. LUNDGREN, L. SKARE, and C. LIDEN Measuring Dust on Skin with a Small Vacuuming Sampler--A Comparison with Other Sampling Techniques Ann. Hyg., January 1, 2006; 50(1): 95 - 103. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. VAN TONGEREN, I. BURSTYN, H. KROMHOUT, and K. GARDINER Are Variance Components of Exposure Heterogeneous Between Time Periods and Factories in the European Carbon Black Industry? Ann. Hyg., January 1, 2006; 50(1): 55 - 64. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R Vermeulen and H Kromhout Historical limitations of determinant based exposure groupings in the rubber manufacturing industry Occup. Environ. Med., November 1, 2005; 62(11): 793 - 799. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. DE VOCHT, K. STRAIF, N. SZESZENIA-DABROWSKA, L. HAGMAR, T. SORAHAN, I. BURSTYN, R. VERMEULEN, and H. KROMHOUT A Database of Exposures in the Rubber Manufacturing Industry: Design and Quality Control Ann. Hyg., November 1, 2005; 49(8): 691 - 701. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Sunyer, J. P. Zock, H. Kromhout, R. Garcia-Esteban, K. Radon, D. Jarvis, K. Toren, N. Kunzli, D. Norback, A. d'Errico, et al. Lung Function Decline, Chronic Bronchitis, and Occupational Exposures in Young Adults Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., November 1, 2005; 172(9): 1139 - 1145. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B van Wendel de Joode, R Vermeulen, J J van Hemmen, W Fransman, and H Kromhout Accuracy of a semiquantitative method for Dermal Exposure Assessment (DREAM) Occup. Environ. Med., September 1, 2005; 62(9): 623 - 632. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. BURSTYN Principal Component Analysis is a Powerful Instrument in Occupational Hygiene Inquiries Ann. Hyg., November 1, 2004; 48(8): 655 - 661. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R Vermeulen, R P Bos, J Pertijs, and H Kromhout Exposure related mutagens in urine of rubber workers associated with inhalable particulate and dermal exposure Occup. Environ. Med., February 1, 2003; 60(2): 97 - 103. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. VAN-WENDEL-DE-JOODE, D. H. BROUWER, R. VERMEULEN, J. J. VAN HEMMEN, D. HEEDERIK, and H. KROMHOUT DREAM: A Method for Semi-quantitative Dermal Exposure Assessment Ann. Hyg., January 1, 2003; 47(1): 71 - 87. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Kromhout Design of measurement strategies for workplace exposures Occup. Environ. Med., May 1, 2002; 59(5): 349 - 354. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|