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Ann. occup. Hyg., Vol. 44, No. 1, pp. 43-56, 2000
© 2000 British Occupational Hygiene Society
Published by Oxford University Press

Statistical Modelling of the Determinants of Historical Exposure to Bitumen and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons among Paving Workers

Igor Burstyn, Hans Kromhout, Timo Kauppinen, Pirjo Heikkilä and Paolo Boffetta

Environmental and Occupational Health Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 238, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands Institute of Occupational Health, Topeliuksenkatu 41aA, 00250, Helsinki, Finland Unit of Environmental Cancer Epidemiology, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 cours Albert-Thomas, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France

Fax: (+31) 317 485 278

Received 30 June, 1999; Revised 28 September, 1999.

Introduction: An industrial hygiene database has been constructed for the exposure assessment in a study of cancer risk among asphalt workers.

Aim: To create models of bitumen and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) exposure intensity among paving workers.

Methods: Individual exposure measurements from pavers (N=1581) were collected from 8 countries. Correlation patterns between exposure measures were examined and factors affecting exposure were identified using statistical modelling.

Results: Inhalable dust appeared to be a good proxy of bitumen fume exposure. Bitumen fume and vapour levels were not correlated. Benzo(a)pyrene level appeared to be a good indicator of PAH exposure. All exposures steadily declined over the last 20 years. Mastic laying, re-paving, surface dressing, oil gravel paving and asphalt temperature were significant determinants of bitumen exposure. Coal tar use dictated PAH exposure levels.

Discussion: Bitumen fume, vapour and PAH have different determinants of exposure. For paving workers, exposure intensity can be assessed on the basis of time period and production characteristics.

determinants of exposure; road construction; asphalt; mastic; coal tar; retrospective exposure assessment; database; multicentric study; bitumen


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