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Annals of Occupational Hygiene Advance Access originally published online on April 30, 2009
Annals of Occupational Hygiene 2009 53(4):403-408; doi:10.1093/annhyg/mep022
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© The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Occupational Hygiene Society

Quantitative Determination of Airborne Respirable Non-Fibrous {alpha}-Silicon Carbide by X-ray Powder Diffractometry

E. Bye1,*, S. Føreland1,2,3, L. Lundgren4, K. Kruse1 and R. Rønning1

1 Department of Chemical and Biological Working Environment, National Institute of Occupational Health, PO Box 8149 Dep., N-0033 Oslo, Norway
2 Department of Occupational Medicine, St Olavs University Hospital, N-7006 Trondheim, Norway
3 Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7489 Trondheim, Norway
4 Department of Applied Environmental Science, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden

* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +47 23 19 53 23; fax: +47 23 19 52 06; e-mail: erik.bye{at}stami.no

Objectives: The purpose of the present investigation was to establish a method for the determination of airborne respirable non-fibrous silicon carbide (SiC). The main application is within the industrial production of SiC.

Methods: Due to the complex airborne aerosol mixture of crystalline compounds in the SiC industry, X-ray powder diffractometry was selected as the most appropriate method. Without any international standard material for the respirable fraction of non-fibrous SiC, pure and suitable products from three SiC plants in Norway were selected. These products have a median particle diameter in the range 4.4–5.1 µm. The method is based on thin sample technique, with the dust deposited on a polycarbonate filter. Absorption correction is done by standard procedures with the use of a silver filter, situated below the polycarbonate filter.

Results: The diffraction line used for quantitative determination was selected carefully. This was done to avoid interferences from quartz, cristobalite, and graphite, which all are airborne components present in the atmosphere during the industrial process. The instrumental limit of detection for the method is 12 µg.

Conclusions: This method has been used to determine airborne non-fibrous SiC in a comprehensive ongoing project in the Norwegian SiC industry for further epidemiological studies. The method is fully applicable for compliance work.

Keywords: airborne aerosols • industrial production • non-fibrous silicon carbide • quantitative determination • X-ray diffractometry

Received September 8, 2008; in final form March 30, 2009


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