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Annals of Occupational Hygiene Advance Access originally published online on December 1, 2007
Annals of Occupational Hygiene 2008 52(1):23-34; doi:10.1093/annhyg/mem059
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© The Author 2007. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Occupational Hygiene Society

Combined Single-Drop and Rotating Drum Dustiness Test of Fine to Nanosize Powders Using a Small Drum

Thomas Schneider* and Keld Alstrup Jensen

National Research Institute for the Working Environment, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark

* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +45 39165295; fax: +45 39165202; e-mail: tsc{at}nrcwe.dk

A dustiness test has been developed that performs both a single-drop and a continuous rotation test using a 6-g sample. Tests were completed on pigment-grade and ultrafine TiO2, two grades of corundum (Aloxite), yttrium-stabilized zirconia (Y-zirconia) granules, fumed silica, goethite, talc and bentonite. The generated particles were quantified by counting and sizing at 1-s time resolution using the TSI Fast Mobility Particle Sizer and the TSI Aerodynamic Particle Sizer and by collecting the particles on a filter for weighing. The method generated reproducible amounts and size distributions of particles. The size distributions had two more or less separated size modes >0.9 µm and in addition all materials except TiO2 pigment-grade and Aloxite F1200 generated a size mode in the range from ~100 to ~220 nm. Pigment-grade TiO2 had the lowest dustiness and ultrafine TiO2 the highest dustiness as measured by particle number for both the single-drop and rotation test and as measured by mass for both tests combined. The difference was a factor of ~300. Three types of dust generation rate time profiles were observed; brief initial burst (talc, both grades of corundum), decaying rate during rotation period (fumed silica, TiO2 ultrafine and pigment grade, bentonite) and constant rate (Y-zirconia, goethite). These profile types were in agreement with the differences in the ratio of amount of particles generated during the single drop to the amount generated during the single-drop and rotation test combined. The ratio ranged a factor ~40. The new test method enables a characterization of dustiness with relevance to different user scenarios.

Keywords: dustiness measurement • nanoparticles • size distributions

Received July 5, 2007; in final form October 11, 2007


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