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Annals of Occupational Hygiene Advance Access originally published online on March 20, 2006
Annals of Occupational Hygiene 2006 50(5):491-503; doi:10.1093/annhyg/mel014
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Crown Copyright 2006. Reproduced with the permission of the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office

Task-based Dermal Exposure Models for Regulatory Risk Assessment

NICHOLAS D. WARREN1,*, HANS MARQUART2, YVETTE CHRISTOPHER3, JUHA LAITINEN4 and JOOP J. VAN HEMMEN2

1 Health and Safety Laboratory, Harpur Hill Buxton, Derbyshire, UK
2 TNO Chemistry, Zeist The Netherlands
3 TNO Chemistry, Zeist, The Netherlands, presently Institute of Occupational Medicine Edinburgh, UK
4 Kuopio Regional Institute of Occupational Health, Kuopio Finland

*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +44-1298-218442; fax: +44-1298-218471; e-mail: nick.warren{at}hsl.gov.uk

The regulatory risk assessment of chemicals requires the estimation of occupational dermal exposure. Until recently, the models used were either based on limited data or were specific to a particular class of chemical or application. The EU project RISKOFDERM has gathered a considerable number of new measurements of dermal exposure together with detailed contextual information. This article describes the development of a set of generic task-based models capable of predicting potential dermal exposure to both solids and liquids in a wide range of situations. To facilitate modelling of the wide variety of dermal exposure situations six separate models were made for groupings of exposure scenarios called Dermal Exposure Operation units (DEO units). These task-based groupings cluster exposure scenarios with regard to the expected routes of dermal exposure and the expected influence of exposure determinants. Within these groupings linear mixed effect models were used to estimate the influence of various exposure determinants and to estimate components of variance. The models predict median potential dermal exposure rates for the hands and the rest of the body from the values of relevant exposure determinants. These rates are expressed as mg or µl product per minute. Using these median potential dermal exposure rates and an accompanying geometric standard deviation allows a range of exposure percentiles to be calculated.

Keywords: dermal exposure • exposure modelling • risk assessment


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