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Ann. occup. Hyg., Vol. 48, No. 3, pp. 277-283, 2004
© 2004 British Occupational Hygiene Society
Published by Oxford University Press

Dermal Exposure to Chromium in Electroplating

MILJA MÄKINEN* and MARKKU LINNAINMAA

Kuopio Regional Institute of Occupational Health, PO Box 93, FIN-70701 Kuopio, Finland

Received 3 February 2003; in final form 24 April 2003

Objectives: The aim of the study was to measure the dermal and respiratory exposure levels of hexavalent chromium during electroplating work. Methods: Potential dermal exposure of the body was measured with patch samples and actual exposure of hands with hand-wash samples. For comparison, personal air samples were also collected. Results: The exposure varied widely between workers. The range of body and hand exposure to the electroplating solution was 0.17–28.1 mg/h and 0.04–6.37 mg/h, respectively. Hands and lower limbs were the most contaminated body parts. Conclusions: The results of breathing zone samples and dermal exposure did not correlate with each other. In manual electroplating processes, dermal exposure was higher than in semi-automatic and automatic processes. The amount of hexavalent chromium the workers were exposed to is probably high enough to cause a risk of skin sensitization.

Keywords: chromium; dermal exposure; electroplating; worker exposure


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